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Gravel Island National Wildlife Refuge
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Gravel Island National Wildlife Refuge : ウィキペディア英語版
Gravel Island National Wildlife Refuge

Gravel Island National Wildlife Refuge is a National Wildlife Refuge located off the Door Peninsula in Wisconsin. Founded in 1913 the refuge consists of two Lake Michigan islands, that act as nesting grounds for native bird species. The refuge is part of the Wisconsin Islands Wilderness Area, and as such it is off-limits to the public to preserve the habitat of the islands. It is inhabited by large colonies of shore birds, waterfowl and also home to a pair of great black-backed gulls, one of farthest westward breeding sites of the species.
==History==

In the years before the refuge's founding, multiple expeditions were made to the Islands. One Ornithologist named Henry L. Ward, then-curator of the Milwaukee Public Museum visited the area numerous times to study the herring gull populations.〔〔 In 1906 and 1907 while visiting Gravel Island, he noted very large colonies of herring gulls as well as Caspian terns, observed their behavior and collected specimens from the island.〔 〕 In 1913, under executive order the refuge was formed from Gravel Island and Spider Island to protect the breeding grounds of birds living there. Upon its formation it became the 29th refuge in the U.S and third in the great lakes region.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Gravel Island National Wildlife Refuge History )〕 In 1970 the refuge became part of the Wisconsin Islands Wilderness Area, one of the smallest in the country.〔 Many studies have been performed at the refuge since the 1970s, and in recent times efforts have focused on migrating habits, breeding and tagging of the birds.
In 2009 the refuge became part of a Comprehensive Conservation Planning (CCP) program which will help manage the refuge more efficiently. The plan will allow for long-term continuity in refuge management, make sure that the refuge is consistent with the policies of the National Wildlife Refuge System and improve budgets for the refuge.

抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)
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